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House dust mites (Dermatophagoides
sp) exist throughout our environment. These microscopic
creatures feed on human and animal dander, skin scales and
hair. They are commonly found in beds, mattresses, carpets,
sofas and pet bedding. Mites multiply rapidly when a house
is sealed because the temperature and humidity are
mite-optimum (50-70% relative humidity). Mite bodies and
mite feces are the principal source of house dust mite
allergens.
Hypersensitivity to house dust mites is a widespread problem
in allergy. Approximately 50-60% of all dogs with elevated
allergy test results to other allergens also exhibit
elevated results to mites. Hyposensitization therapy can be
effective in the reduction of symptoms in atopic patients
with mite allergy. Some patients are sensitive only to
mites, and in these cases immunotherapy is highly effective.
In addition, an effective environmental control regimen can
prove useful in minimizing the patient’s discomfort and
lessening immediate signs.
Although it is virtually impossible to totally eliminate
house dust mites from our environment, we can take steps to
inhibit their multiplication and thereby minimize the effect
on the animal who is allergic to house dust mites.
The following suggestions should prove useful in controlling
mite populations. Although some of these suggestions may be
difficult to apply to the entire household, it is
recommended that at least the main sleeping areas of the
allergic pet be maintained according to these
specifications.
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Avoid the use of carpeting.
Base floors, such as hardwood, vinyl or tile are best; if
carpet must be used, low pile is preferable.
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Remove upholstered furniture, books, records, piles of
newspapers and magazines, knick-knacks, stuffed animals,
wall hangings and other “dust collectors” from the room.
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Wash all bedding frequently (at least weekly) in HOT (130°F)
water.
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The bedroom has been found to have the greatest
concentration of mites. A recent study demonstrated over 45%
of US homes have bedding with dust mite allergen
concentrations that exceed a level associated with allergic
sensitization. It’s best to keep your pet out of the
bedroom.
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Encase mattresses and box
springs in airtight plastic; seal zippers on the casing with
tape. Use washable blankets and mattress pads. Encase
pillows in < 10µm pore fine woven or vapor - permeable
covers. Note: the most dust-free type of bed is a waterbed.
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Plants can also be dust collectors and should be removed.
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Change furnace and air
conditioning filters frequently. Electrostatic filters may
be more effective in filtering out dust, mites and inhalant
particles.
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Use air conditioning to control the temperature during warm
months. Central air conditioning is preferred, but window
units are also helpful. Try to maintain the humidity levels
between 30 and 50%. Dehumidifiers may prove useful.
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Dry steam clean and vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture
at least weekly using good quality 2 layer bags or high
efficiency particulate air filters. Steam cleaning is
believed to kill the mites while vacuuming removes them. Wet
mop and dust with a damp cloth daily. Room should be
properly aired after vacuuming.
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Groom animals frequently.
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